Overview
In this unit you will consider some of the latest theories in the Safety Sciences, particularly in relation to the concept of resilience in organisations and broader organisational culture issues. The factors which influence the quality and validity of decision making within organisations, such as, values, mindfulness, culture, adaptive systems, participation and leadership in complex socio-technical systems will be considered. You will critically reflect on and evaluate theories such as resilience engineering, high reliability organisations, safety culture and safety climate, and discuss the usefulness of these theories to practice. You will also have the opportunity to evaluate the usefulness of the tools and methods available to measure and monitor factors that affect resilience and other safety science concepts within organisations.
Details
Pre-requisites or Co-requisites
Co-requisite:- AINV11002
Important note: Students enrolled in a subsequent unit who failed their pre-requisite unit, should drop the subsequent unit before the census date or within 10 working days of Fail grade notification. Students who do not drop the unit in this timeframe cannot later drop the unit without academic and financial liability. See details in the Assessment Policy and Procedure (Higher Education Coursework).
Offerings For Term 2 - 2025
Attendance Requirements
All on-campus students are expected to attend scheduled classes - in some units, these classes are identified as a mandatory (pass/fail) component and attendance is compulsory. International students, on a student visa, must maintain a full time study load and meet both attendance and academic progress requirements in each study period (satisfactory attendance for International students is defined as maintaining at least an 80% attendance record).
Recommended Student Time Commitment
Each 6-credit Undergraduate unit at CQUniversity requires an overall time commitment of an average of 12.5 hours of study per week, making a total of 150 hours for the unit.
Class Timetable
Assessment Overview
Assessment Grading
This is a graded unit: your overall grade will be calculated from the marks or grades for each assessment task, based on the relative weightings shown in the table above. You must obtain an overall mark for the unit of at least 50%, or an overall grade of 'pass' in order to pass the unit. If any 'pass/fail' tasks are shown in the table above they must also be completed successfully ('pass' grade). You must also meet any minimum mark requirements specified for a particular assessment task, as detailed in the 'assessment task' section (note that in some instances, the minimum mark for a task may be greater than 50%). Consult the University's Grades and Results Policy for more details of interim results and final grades.
All University policies are available on the CQUniversity Policy site.
You may wish to view these policies:
- Grades and Results Policy
- Assessment Policy and Procedure (Higher Education Coursework)
- Review of Grade Procedure
- Student Academic Integrity Policy and Procedure
- Monitoring Academic Progress (MAP) Policy and Procedure - Domestic Students
- Monitoring Academic Progress (MAP) Policy and Procedure - International Students
- Student Refund and Credit Balance Policy and Procedure
- Student Feedback - Compliments and Complaints Policy and Procedure
- Information and Communications Technology Acceptable Use Policy and Procedure
This list is not an exhaustive list of all University policies. The full list of University policies are available on the CQUniversity Policy site.
Feedback, Recommendations and Responses
Every unit is reviewed for enhancement each year. At the most recent review, the following staff and student feedback items were identified and recommendations were made.
Feedback from SUTE Comments
Students felt that the assignments did not offer enough alternative theory or thinking on a theory.
The assessments were changed in 2024 in order to reduce plagiarism and offer a more scaffolded learning experience across the three assessments. This appears to have created not enough variance across the assessment items. It is therefore recommended to review and change the assessment tasks for the 2025 offering in order to add greater variety in critical thinking on the key aspects covered in this unit.
Feedback from SUTE Comments
Students reported that the lectures were presented in a way that made it easy to follow and grasp the concepts.
It is recommended to keep the lecture format for the next offering.
Feedback from SUTE Comments
Students reported that assessment criteria were clear and expectations were explained really well during the lectures.
It is recommended to keep the lecture format whereby lecture material is clearly linked to assessment criteria and assessment expectations.
Feedback from SUTE Comments
One student advised that they felt that there was too much focus on one safety science theorist in the assessments and lectures which they felt was too biased.
It is recommended to review the assessments and lecture material with a view to expanding on the content and having less of a focus on a key safety science theorist.
- Explore the characteristics of resilience in organisations.
- Develop an ability to critically read and write on contemporary safety science theories from an evidence-informed advancing safety professional perspective.
- Evaluate the theories that underpin resilience in organisations such as resilience engineering, safety culture and high reliability organisations and discuss the usefulness of these theories to practice.
- Discern those factors which influence the quality and validity of decision making within organisations, such as, values, mindfulness, culture, adaptive systems, participation and leadership.
- Compare controversial terms related to safety and culture and the ongoing debate underlying these precepts and relationships.
- Evaluate the usefulness of the tools and methods available to measure and monitor contemporary safety science concepts such as organisational resilience potentials and safety culture/safety climate.
The course is accredited by the Australian OHS Education Board. This unit relates to the OHS body of knowledge chapters on the organisation.
Alignment of Assessment Tasks to Learning Outcomes
Assessment Tasks | Learning Outcomes | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | |
1 - Critical Review - 20% | ||||||
2 - Written Assessment - 40% | ||||||
3 - Literature Review or Systematic Review - 40% |
Alignment of Graduate Attributes to Learning Outcomes
Graduate Attributes | Learning Outcomes | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | |
1 - Communication | ||||||
2 - Problem Solving | ||||||
3 - Critical Thinking | ||||||
4 - Information Literacy | ||||||
5 - Team Work | ||||||
6 - Information Technology Competence | ||||||
7 - Cross Cultural Competence | ||||||
8 - Ethical practice | ||||||
9 - Social Innovation | ||||||
10 - Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Cultures |
Textbooks
There are no required textbooks.
Additional Textbook Information
No
IT Resources
- CQUniversity Student Email
- Internet
- Unit Website (Moodle)
All submissions for this unit must use the referencing style: Harvard (author-date)
For further information, see the Assessment Tasks.
a.raineri@cqu.edu.au
Module/Topic
An Introduction to Critical Reading and Writing
The 5th Age of Safety - The 3rd Era - Resilience
Chapter
Prescribed Reading Chapter 1 Hollnagel (2018)
Other readings as supplied via the Moodle site
Events and Submissions/Topic
Weekly Zoom Lecture
Module/Topic
Safety I and Safety II
Chapter
Prescribed Reading Chapters 2 & 3 Hollnagel (2018)
Other readings as supplied via the Moodle site
Events and Submissions/Topic
Weekly Zoom Lecture
Module/Topic
Safety II in Practice - The Resilience Potentials
Chapter
Prescribed Reading Chapter 4 Hollnagel (2018)
Other readings as supplied via the Moodle site
Events and Submissions/Topic
Weekly Zoom Lecture
Module/Topic
Measuring Resilience Potentials
The Resilience Assessment Grid
Chapter
Prescribed Reading Chapter 5 Hollnagel (2018)
Other readings as supplied via the Moodle site
Events and Submissions/Topic
Weekly Zoom Lecture
Module/Topic
Resilience Assessment Grid - Results and Meaning
Chapter
Prescribed Reading Chapter 6 Hollnagel (2018)
Other readings as supplied via the Moodle site
Events and Submissions/Topic
Weekly Zoom Lecture
Safety I & Safety II Theory Due: Week 5 Friday (15 Aug 2025) 11:45 pm AEST
Module/Topic
Chapter
Events and Submissions/Topic
Module/Topic
High Reliability Organisations (HROs)
Historical Theory Underpinnings
Chapter
Readings as supplied via the Moodle site
Events and Submissions/Topic
Weekly Zoom Lecture
Module/Topic
High Reliability Organisations (HROs)
Current Theory
Chapter
Readings as supplied via the Moodle site
Events and Submissions/Topic
Weekly Zoom Lecture
Module/Topic
The Fifth Age of Safety - The Adaptive Age and Adaptive Leadership for Complexity
Organisational Strategy and Leadership
Chapter
Prescribed Reading Chapter 7 Hollnagel (2018)
Other readings as supplied via the Moodle site
Events and Submissions/Topic
Weekly Zoom Lecture
Organisational Surveys Report Due: Week 8 Friday (12 Sept 2025) 11:45 pm AEST
Module/Topic
Professional Resilience
Business Continuity - Resilience in Practice
Chapter
Prescribed Reading Chapter 8 Hollnagel (2018)
Other readings as supplied via the Moodle site
Events and Submissions/Topic
Weekly Zoom Lecture
Module/Topic
Safety Culture and Safety Climate
Measuring Safety Culture and Safety Climate
Chapter
Readings as supplied via the Moodle site
Events and Submissions/Topic
Weekly Zoom Lecture
Module/Topic
Healthy Organisations
Chapter
Readings as supplied via the Moodle site
Events and Submissions/Topic
Weekly Zoom Lecture
Module/Topic
Organisational Resilience Wrap Up and Summary
Chapter
Events and Submissions/Topic
Weekly Zoom Lecture
Leading Organisational Resilience Maturity Enhancement Due: Week 12 Friday (10 Oct 2025) 11:45 pm AEST
Module/Topic
Chapter
Events and Submissions/Topic
Module/Topic
Chapter
Events and Submissions/Topic
The prescribed reading for this unit is Safety-II in Practice: Developing the Resilience Potentials by Eric Hollnagel (2018). Students are supplied this reading as an ebook via the e-Reading list on the Moodle site.
1 Critical Review
This assessment item requires you to critically reflect on your readings and understanding from the first 4 weeks of the unit including the notions of Safety I & Safety II, Safety II in Practice and the notion of the four Resilience Potentials which informs current organisational practices around safety and resilience. The context for this assignment is that: -
A senior manager in your company (either real or made up) went to a management conference where several speakers discussed the notion that safety professionals now work in the Resilience Age of Safety. The manager would like a brief report on Safety I & Safety II and the 4 Potentials of Resilience which are believed to enhance organisational resilience practices and organisational resilience maturity.
The senior manager is not sold on these theories, so as the safety professional, you have been asked to provide a brief report which provides your opinion and viewpoint on the theories, supported by at least 10 quality references, in order to explain and develop your viewpoint.
Your review should be 1000 (+ or - 10%) words and submitted as a word document, not a PDF.
Resource Material
In developing your assessment piece you should consult peer-reviewed journals, relevant textbooks and the OHS Body of Knowledge. Extensive use of non-peer-reviewed information is strongly discouraged.
Level of Generative AI use allowed
Level 2 - You may use AI for planning, idea development and research. Your final submission should show how you have developed and refined these ideas.
Week 5 Friday (15 Aug 2025) 11:45 pm AEST
Submission due date and time are AEST.
Week 7 Friday (5 Sept 2025)
The marking criteria are below:
- Conveys reflection and understanding of Safety I & Safety II and the 4 Resilience Potentials (10%)
- Delivers viewpoints and/or opinions based on the critical reading of Safety I & Safety II and the Resilience Engineering theory material presented in the first 4 weeks of the unit (10%)
A detailed marking matrix will be provided in Moodle.
- Explore the characteristics of resilience in organisations.
- Develop an ability to critically read and write on contemporary safety science theories from an evidence-informed advancing safety professional perspective.
- Evaluate the theories that underpin resilience in organisations such as resilience engineering, safety culture and high reliability organisations and discuss the usefulness of these theories to practice.
- Compare controversial terms related to safety and culture and the ongoing debate underlying these precepts and relationships.
2 Written Assessment
This assessment enables you to gain experience in reviewing and assessing workplace survey tools used to measure an aspect of resilience in organisations.
You will will be presented with several surveys, from which you are required to choose one for review. You will analyse and review the appropriateness of the survey's application in "real world" practice.
You are required to:
- recognise the purpose of the survey and its history/relevance to current theory;
- understand when and how the survey would be used in "real world" applications;
- evaluate how the meaning of any results obtained by the use of such survey might inform strategic leadership decision-making;
- discuss your own thinking (thoughts, opinions, questions, decisions) on the usefulness of the survey (i.e. how well it is measuring the concept it is supposed to be measuring);
- discuss your own final view on the usefulness of the survey from a safety professional viewpoint, based on what you have discovered in your reading; and
- reference appropriate material to support (evidence) your written arguments.
Your review of the literature should support your writing and include a minimum of 10 peer-reviewed journal articles.
Word limit 1,500 words (+ or - 10%).
NB: You are NOT required to administer the survey within an organisation, this is purely a theoretical exercise.
Resource Material
In developing your assessment piece, you should consult peer-reviewed journals, relevant textbooks and the OHS Body of Knowledge. Extensive use of non-peer-reviewed information is strongly discouraged.
Level of Generative AI use allowed
Level 2 - You may use AI for planning, idea development and research. Your final submission should show how you have developed and refined these ideas.
Week 8 Friday (12 Sept 2025) 11:45 pm AEST
Submission date and time are AEST.
Week 10 Friday (26 Sept 2025)
The marking criteria are below:
(a) Understanding of the purpose of the survey and its relevance to measuring organisational resilience maturity based on the Resilience Engineering theory which supports it (10%);
(b) Understanding of when and how the survey would be used in a real-world application (10%);
(c) Understanding of how the results obtained by the use of the survey would inform an organisational resilience maturity enhancement action plan (10%);
(d) Ability to make recommendations on the use of the survey by discussing your own critical thinking on the usefulness (benefits and limitations) of the survey from a safety professional viewpoint, based on what you have discovered in your reading this term (10%).
A detailed assessment rubric will be provided in Moodle.
- Develop an ability to critically read and write on contemporary safety science theories from an evidence-informed advancing safety professional perspective.
- Evaluate the theories that underpin resilience in organisations such as resilience engineering, safety culture and high reliability organisations and discuss the usefulness of these theories to practice.
- Discern those factors which influence the quality and validity of decision making within organisations, such as, values, mindfulness, culture, adaptive systems, participation and leadership.
- Evaluate the usefulness of the tools and methods available to measure and monitor contemporary safety science concepts such as organisational resilience potentials and safety culture/safety climate.
3 Literature Review or Systematic Review
In every good safety researcher's toolbox is the ability to review past and current research with a view to answering key questions. Evidence-informed practice is undertaken by reviewing key research findings (evidence) which then inform decisions around safety practices. Undertaking a review of relevant literature is the key starting point for robust research. A literature review is a critical look at an area of interest from its early theoretical underpinnings up to current concepts and research findings in order to enable you to make informed decisions and gain knowledge about current issues or gaps in current research.
Choose one of the following topics. You are required to prepare a literature review which investigates the topic with a view to answering the questions asked:
- Organisational Resilience - Do all organisations have the potential to be resilient as proposed by Hollnagel's Safety II concepts?
- Resilience Engineering and Organisational Resilience - What does the current debate tell you about these resilience concepts being the same or different?
- The 5 Principles of Collective Mindfulness - What is undertsood about how these principles work to enable organisations to be resilient?
- Safety Culture - How can organisations and the leaders within those organisations increase safety culture?
- Strategic Safety Leadership for Managing the Unexpected - What should leaders be doing to manage complex system emergence?
- The 5th Age of Safey - Where have we been and where are we going from a safety professional point of view?
You are required to undertake self-directed research by reviewing the latest literature on the topic and demonstrate correct CQUniversity Harvard style referencing.You are also required to incorporate in your writing how the answers you are proposing can translate into evidence-based practice for you, the safety professional.
Your literature review should include a minimum of 10 peer-reviewed journal articles and should be 1,500 words (+ or - 10%).
Resource Material
In developing your assessment piece, you should consult peer-reviewed journals, relevant textbooks and the OHS Body of Knowledge. Extensive use of non-peer-reviewed information is strongly discouraged.
Level of Generative AI use allowed
Level 2 - You may use AI for planning, idea development and research. Your final submission should show how you have developed and refined these ideas.
Week 12 Friday (10 Oct 2025) 11:45 pm AEST
Submission date and time are AEST.
Exam Week Friday (24 Oct 2025)
The marking criteria for the formal report are below:
1. Discussing your understanding of how leaders in organisations can enhance the 4 Resilience Potentials (Respond, Monitor, Learn and Anticipate), as proposed by the Safety II in Practice readings (18%);
2. Making recommendations in your report on how organisations can enhance resilience based on your critical review of the theory from an evidence-based, theory into practice view (18%).
Uses correct Harvard style referencing and demonstration of advanced academic report writing (4%).
- Explore the characteristics of resilience in organisations.
- Develop an ability to critically read and write on contemporary safety science theories from an evidence-informed advancing safety professional perspective.
- Evaluate the theories that underpin resilience in organisations such as resilience engineering, safety culture and high reliability organisations and discuss the usefulness of these theories to practice.
- Discern those factors which influence the quality and validity of decision making within organisations, such as, values, mindfulness, culture, adaptive systems, participation and leadership.
- Compare controversial terms related to safety and culture and the ongoing debate underlying these precepts and relationships.
As a CQUniversity student you are expected to act honestly in all aspects of your academic work.
Any assessable work undertaken or submitted for review or assessment must be your own work. Assessable work is any type of work you do to meet the assessment requirements in the unit, including draft work submitted for review and feedback and final work to be assessed.
When you use the ideas, words or data of others in your assessment, you must thoroughly and clearly acknowledge the source of this information by using the correct referencing style for your unit. Using others’ work without proper acknowledgement may be considered a form of intellectual dishonesty.
Participating honestly, respectfully, responsibly, and fairly in your university study ensures the CQUniversity qualification you earn will be valued as a true indication of your individual academic achievement and will continue to receive the respect and recognition it deserves.
As a student, you are responsible for reading and following CQUniversity’s policies, including the Student Academic Integrity Policy and Procedure. This policy sets out CQUniversity’s expectations of you to act with integrity, examples of academic integrity breaches to avoid, the processes used to address alleged breaches of academic integrity, and potential penalties.
What is a breach of academic integrity?
A breach of academic integrity includes but is not limited to plagiarism, self-plagiarism, collusion, cheating, contract cheating, and academic misconduct. The Student Academic Integrity Policy and Procedure defines what these terms mean and gives examples.
Why is academic integrity important?
A breach of academic integrity may result in one or more penalties, including suspension or even expulsion from the University. It can also have negative implications for student visas and future enrolment at CQUniversity or elsewhere. Students who engage in contract cheating also risk being blackmailed by contract cheating services.
Where can I get assistance?
For academic advice and guidance, the Academic Learning Centre (ALC) can support you in becoming confident in completing assessments with integrity and of high standard.
What can you do to act with integrity?
