Overview
This unit introduces you to the principal theories in musculoskeletal sonography with opportunities for lab activities designed to enhance your learning. In this unit you will apply your knowledge of detailed relational anatomy and pathophysiology, and correlate this with new knowledge on sonographic appearance, scanning orientation and scanning skills relevant to the musculoskeletal system. You will demonstrate understanding of the clinical indication of musculoskeletal ultrasound, applying clinical reasoning in planning for the scanning protocol for each individual patient and implementing patient care and safety in performing musculoskeletal sonography. You will interpret static and dynamic musculoskeletal sonographic imaging and create a provisional diagnostic report as well as explaining differential diagnosis and alternative diagnostic studies based on the clinical information.
Details
Pre-requisites or Co-requisites
Corequisite: MEDS20016 Medical Sonography Clinical Unit 3
Important note: Students enrolled in a subsequent unit who failed their pre-requisite unit, should drop the subsequent unit before the census date or within 10 working days of Fail grade notification. Students who do not drop the unit in this timeframe cannot later drop the unit without academic and financial liability. See details in the Assessment Policy and Procedure (Higher Education Coursework).
Offerings For Term 1 - 2025
Attendance Requirements
All on-campus students are expected to attend scheduled classes - in some units, these classes are identified as a mandatory (pass/fail) component and attendance is compulsory. International students, on a student visa, must maintain a full time study load and meet both attendance and academic progress requirements in each study period (satisfactory attendance for International students is defined as maintaining at least an 80% attendance record).
Recommended Student Time Commitment
Each 6-credit Postgraduate unit at CQUniversity requires an overall time commitment of an average of 12.5 hours of study per week, making a total of 150 hours for the unit.
Class Timetable
Assessment Overview
Assessment Grading
This is a graded unit: your overall grade will be calculated from the marks or grades for each assessment task, based on the relative weightings shown in the table above. You must obtain an overall mark for the unit of at least 50%, or an overall grade of 'pass' in order to pass the unit. If any 'pass/fail' tasks are shown in the table above they must also be completed successfully ('pass' grade). You must also meet any minimum mark requirements specified for a particular assessment task, as detailed in the 'assessment task' section (note that in some instances, the minimum mark for a task may be greater than 50%). Consult the University's Grades and Results Policy for more details of interim results and final grades.
All University policies are available on the CQUniversity Policy site.
You may wish to view these policies:
- Grades and Results Policy
- Assessment Policy and Procedure (Higher Education Coursework)
- Review of Grade Procedure
- Student Academic Integrity Policy and Procedure
- Monitoring Academic Progress (MAP) Policy and Procedure - Domestic Students
- Monitoring Academic Progress (MAP) Policy and Procedure - International Students
- Student Refund and Credit Balance Policy and Procedure
- Student Feedback - Compliments and Complaints Policy and Procedure
- Information and Communications Technology Acceptable Use Policy and Procedure
This list is not an exhaustive list of all University policies. The full list of University policies are available on the CQUniversity Policy site.
- Correlate relational anatomy of musculoskeletal structures with standard static and dynamic sonographic imaging
- Discuss clinical aspects of sonographic musculoskeletal examinations with respect to clinical indications, patient care and safety considerations, and alternative diagnostic studies that can be performed
- Perform sonographic imaging of musculoskeletal structures, including image optimisation, using a systematic protocol in a clinical environment
- Interpret static and dynamic musculoskeletal sonographic imaging of normal anatomy and imaging demonstrating variants, artefacts, or pathology and present in case report format
The learning outcomes for this unit relate to the requirements of general sonography courses under the Australasian Sonography Accreditation Registry (ASAR), Standards for the Accreditation of Sonographer Courses (SASC):
Foundation Units of Competence 1-5
Critical Practice Units of Competence 9
Alignment of Assessment Tasks to Learning Outcomes
Assessment Tasks | Learning Outcomes | |||
---|---|---|---|---|
1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | |
1 - Written Assessment - 60% | ||||
2 - Online Quiz(zes) - 40% |
Alignment of Graduate Attributes to Learning Outcomes
Graduate Attributes | Learning Outcomes | |||
---|---|---|---|---|
1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | |
1 - Knowledge | ||||
2 - Communication | ||||
3 - Cognitive, technical and creative skills | ||||
4 - Research | ||||
5 - Self-management | ||||
6 - Ethical and Professional Responsibility | ||||
7 - Leadership | ||||
8 - Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Cultures |
Textbooks
Fundamentals of Musculoskeletal Ultrasound
Edition: 3rd (2018)
Authors: Jacobson, Jon A.
Elsevier
ISBN: 9780323445252
The prescribed textbook is available via CQUniversity library eBooks and can be accessed via eReading link on unit Moodle. However the CQU license does not include access to the video links in the text.
The prescribed textbook is available via CQUniversity library eBooks and can be accessed via eReading link on unit Moodle. However the CQU license does not include access to the video links in the text.
IT Resources
- CQUniversity Student Email
- Internet
- Unit Website (Moodle)
All submissions for this unit must use the referencing style: Vancouver
For further information, see the Assessment Tasks.
e.wang@cqu.edu.au
Module/Topic
Introduction to musculoskeletal ultrasound
Chapter
Jacobson JA. Fundamentals of musculoskeletal ultrasound e-book 3rd Ed: Elsevier Health Sciences; 2017. Chap 1, pp1-15
Additional content will be provided via lectures and eReading list.
Events and Submissions/Topic
Drop-in or tutorial session via Zoom on Wednesday 7pm AEST.
Module/Topic
Shoulder
Chapter
Jacobson (3rd Ed): Chap 3, pp55-125.
Additional content will be provided via lectures and eReading list.
Events and Submissions/Topic
Drop-in or tutorial session via Zoom on Wednesday 7pm AEST.
Module/Topic
Shoulder
Chapter
Jacobson (3rd Ed): Chap 3, pp55-125.
Additional content will be provided via lectures and eReading list.
Events and Submissions/Topic
Drop-in or tutorial session via Zoom on Wednesday 7pm AEST.
Module/Topic
Elbow
Chapter
Jacobson (3rd Ed): Chap 4, pp127-158.
Additional content will be provided via lectures and eReading list.
Events and Submissions/Topic
Drop-in or tutorial session via Zoom on Wednesday 7pm AEST.
Be aware of the time changing as daylight saving ends on 6 April 2025
Module/Topic
Wrist and hand
Chapter
Jacobson (3rd Ed): Chap 5 , pp168-222 .
Additional content will be provided via lectures and eReading list.
Events and Submissions/Topic
Drop-in or tutorial session via Zoom on Wednesday 7pm AEST.
Module/Topic
Break Week
Chapter
Events and Submissions/Topic
Module/Topic
Ankle and Foot
Chapter
Jacobson (3rd Ed): Chap 8 , pp328-350, 352-386, 387- 401.
Additional content will be provided via lectures and eReading list.
Events and Submissions/Topic
Drop-in or tutorial session via Zoom on Wednesday 7pm AEST.
ONLINE QUIZZES (1) Due: Week 6 Wednesday (23 April 2025) 1:00 pm AEST
Module/Topic
Knee and calf
Chapter
Jacobson (3rd Ed): Chap 7, pp284-327; Chap 8, pp350-351, 386-387.
Additional content will be provided via lectures and eReading list.
Events and Submissions/Topic
Drop-in or tutorial session via Zoom on Wednesday 7pm AEST.
Module/Topic
Hip and thigh
Chapter
Jacobson (3rd Ed): Chap 6, pp223-237, 239 -247, 249 -276.
Additional content will be provided via lectures and eReading list.
Events and Submissions/Topic
Drop-in or tutorial session via Zoom on Wednesday 7pm AEST.
WRITTEN ASSESSMENT (PART A, Image Acquisition and Reflection) Due: Week 8 Wednesday (7 May 2025) 4:00 pm AEST
Module/Topic
Abdominal wall
Chapter
Jacobson (3rd Ed): Chap 6, pp237-239, 276-280
Additional content will be provided via lectures and eReading list.
Events and Submissions/Topic
Drop-in or tutorial session via Zoom on Wednesday 7pm AEST.
WRITTEN ASSESSMENT (PART B, Peer Feedback) Due: Week 9 Wednesday (14 May 2025) 4:00 pm AEST
Module/Topic
Peripheral nerve entrapment
Chapter
Jacobson (3rd Ed): Chap 4, pp158-166; Chap 5, pp203-210; Chap 6, pp271-273; Chap 7, pp320-321; Chap 8, pp398-401
Additional content will be provided via lectures and eReading list.
Events and Submissions/Topic
Drop-in or tutorial session via Zoom on Wednesday 7pm AEST.
Module/Topic
Inflammatory joint disease
Chapter
Jacobson (3rd Ed): Chap 4, pp141-149; Chap 5,pp189-195; Chap 7,pp 300-309 & 313; Chap 8,pp352-363.
Additional content will be provided via lectures and eReading list.
Events and Submissions/Topic
Drop-in or tutorial session via Zoom on Wednesday 7pm AEST.
Module/Topic
Musculoskeletal pathologies relevant to sonographic imaging
Chapter
Jacobson (3rd Ed): Chap 2 , pp16-53 .
Additional content will be provided via lectures and eReading list.
Events and Submissions/Topic
Drop-in or tutorial session via Zoom on Wednesday 7pm AEST.
Module/Topic
Chapter
Events and Submissions/Topic
ONLINE QUIZZES (2) Due: Week 13 Wednesday (11 June 2025) 1:00 pm AEST
Module/Topic
Chapter
Events and Submissions/Topic
Your unit coordinator for this unit is Elaine Wang. Elaine works for CQUniversity on Mondays, Tuesdays, Wednesdays and Fridays. Elaine is based at the Sydney campus and can be reached via email (e.wang@cqu.edu.au).
This unit, “Musculoskeletal Sonography” was previously offered to medical sonography students in year 3 of the program. However, as learning musculoskeletal ultrasound needs correlation with clinical sonographic scanning, this unit was moved to allow students to undertake it whilst concurrently on a clinical placement in 4th year. The pre-requisite for enrolling MEDS28001 is that you are also enrolled in clinical unit MEDS20016, as you are expected to practise the teaching content to enhance your learning and complete some of the assessment tasks at your placement. It is your responsibility to keep your unit coordinator updated with changes in your clinical placement arrangement.
In this unit, we unpack the sonographic assessment of musculoskeletal structures. To undertake sonographic musculoskeletal assessments, it is important to have a good understanding of the relative anatomy of the structures to be demonstrated. To allow you to both check on and refresh your anatomical knowledge (covered in year 1 of the Medical Sonography course), a formative quiz is available for you to complete at the beginning of the term. You will need to ensure you complete this open book quiz (multiple attempts are allowed) prior to gaining access to subsequent resources in this unit.
All lectures provided within this unit are pre-recorded and available on the MEDS28001 Moodle site, along with the associated lecture notes. Reading material that supports lecture material can be found in the eReading list. Other resources you will find helps your learning on the Moodle site include advice from previous students, weekly learning outcomes with review questions, and frequently asked questions.
Interactive tutorials are provided via zoom throughout the term on some Wednesday evenings. You are encouraged to attend to catch up with your teacher and fellow students. In these interactive tutorials, in addition to focusing on the most pertinent content related to musculoskeletal ultrasound your clinical reasoning and image interpretation skills will be extended. You will be guided on how to develop systematic and logical thinking in regard to performing musculoskeletal sonography examinations and interpreting the images to inform a diagnosis. If you miss a tutorial, they are recorded for viewing at a later time (if no students attend, no recording will be available).
To ensure student-student connectedness and discussions between students and the teacher, in addition to the tutorials 'drop-in sessions' are also provided on some other Wednesday evenings. These are informal discussion (no set agenda) and you can ask questions or seek clarification regarding aspects of musculoskeletal ultrasound. The best benefit from these sessions is gained by live attendance as the drop-in sessions are not recorded.
1 Written Assessment
This task requires you to:
- Sonographically scan and acquire one static sonographic image of a specific musculoskeletal region (see below) and their anatomical surrounds from a healthy volunteer in your clinical placement site (total of one labelled sonographic image to be submitted).
- Review your scan technique and the quality of the submitted image.
- Provide a written reflection and critique of your sonographic technique and image and consider what actions you could take in the future to improve (1200 words including at least 300 words in Overall reflection.).
- Review two peer’s stored static sonographic images and provide feedback in written form (400 words each).
- Gain your peer’s written feedback regarding your sonographic image.
- Provide your written reflection on the peer feedback process.
The musculoskeletal region to be sonographically imaged will be assigned to you by your unit coordinator and can be either of:
- Shoulder tendon – Long axis image
- Elbow tendon – Long axis image
Detailed steps of the task are as below.
1. Practically plan and acquire sonographic images of musculoskeletal structures as listed above.
Images submitted must include:
- Your name, your date of birth, date of image acquisition and location (your clinical placement site) to be recorded on static image.
- Appropriate annotation of stored static sonographic image (axis of imaging, structure of interest demonstrated).
2. Reflect and review your practical technique used and subsequent sonographic image acquired.
You will need to complete a written document which includes:
- Static sonographic image which must have pertinent structures labelled (additionally labelling can be added to the saved image).
- An outline of how the images were acquired – including an outline of the patient positioning of body and structure of interest, sonographic landmarks used to locate the structure of interest, and transducer placement.
- A critique of the static sonographic image acquired.
- If and how the sonographic imaging and subsequent stored image could have been improved to allow enhanced demonstration of the structures of interest in the correct axis and a justification. This can include what preparation you undertook prior to practically sonographically scanning the structure of interest.
- What you would incorporate into your technique to sonographically assess this structure or similar structures in the plane demonstrated in the future.
- Include a reflection on what general musculoskeletal sonographic principles you would use to apply to other musculoskeletal regions of the body.
3. Discuss the clinical relevance of sonographic imaging.
You need to discuss the clinical relevance of sonographic imaging in the region based on your assigned image which includes:
- The clinical indications of ultrasound examination in this region and the associated limitation.
- List the abnormalities in this region that can be diagnosed with ultrasound and give one example with sonographic images.
- Describe the sonographic appearance of your example images, including justifying the normal and abnormal findings.
- Propose a systematic scanning protocol for this region which can confirm this diagnosis and exclude at least one potential differential diagnosis.
- Submit your work in a single word document on Moodle as Part A.
4. Provide and receive anonymous feedback via the Feedback Fruits platform.
- Remove your ID (name, date of birth and clinical site) on your image and submit your word file to the Feedback Fruits platform.
- You will be automatically assigned with two students’ work to review. These will be deidentified, so feedback will be anonymous.
- Two fellow students will be automatically assigned to provide anonymous feedback on your work.
5. Obtain, reflect and submit the feedback document including:
- The two peer images (de-identified) and feedback you provided
- Your own image (not de-identified) with the feedback you received from two of your peers
- Your reflection on the peer feedback process including whether it helps you in learning the unit content.
- Submit all information in a single word document on Moodle as Part B.
An exemplar for part of this task is available on the unit Moodle site for you to use as a guide.
Part A – Image Acquisition and Reflection: Due on 7th May 2025, 16:00 AEST (week 8, Wednesday). Part B – Peer Feedback: Due on 14th May 2025, 16:00 AEST (week 9, Wednesday)
Both parts will be marked together and returned on 30th May 2025 (week 11, Friday)
The detailed assessment marking criteria can be accessed from the unit Moodle site.
Overall, you will be assessed on:
- All sonographic images and anatomical diagrams are labelled accurately.
- Relevant information provided reflecting good understanding of the content.
- Reflection identifies areas for improvement if required and allows for future practice to be enhanced.
- In-text citation of sources used to verify information with appropriate reference list at the end.
- Adherence to the word limit for each section to allow adequate reflection to be discussed: Own image and reflection: 1500 words including at least 300 words in Overall Reflection section and at least 400 words in Clinical Relevance section. Peer reflection: 400 words for each case. Excess words will not be assessed.
Please Note:
- A signed declaration form (available on unit Moodle) must be submitted together with this assessment.
- Images submitted in this assessment must be originally exported from PACS or the ultrasound machine. Modifying images or changing information on images will be treated as falsifying or fabricating data.
- Large Language Models (LLMs), a type of artificial intelligence (AI) such as Chat GPT do not necessarily provide accurate, current or correctly referenced information and are not considered reliable to use for academic work. Any use of LLM/AI in your assignments must be acknowledged using the Guidelines for Referencing Large Language Models or Artificial Intelligence.
- Discuss clinical aspects of sonographic musculoskeletal examinations with respect to clinical indications, patient care and safety considerations, and alternative diagnostic studies that can be performed
- Perform sonographic imaging of musculoskeletal structures, including image optimisation, using a systematic protocol in a clinical environment
- Interpret static and dynamic musculoskeletal sonographic imaging of normal anatomy and imaging demonstrating variants, artefacts, or pathology and present in case report format
2 Online Quiz(zes)
You need to complete two online quizzes which assess you on material covered in lectures, prescribed readings, tutorials and any additional resources supplied during the term.
- Quiz 1 weighting is 14% of unit total and covers content from week 1 to week 5.
- Quiz 2 weighting is 26% of unit total and covers content in the entire unit from week 1 to week 12.
The quizzes involve a variety of question type, which may include short and long answer questions which require typed answers, drag and drop questions and combined questions.
The quiz cannot be paused once started, nor reattempted once finished.
These online quizzes must be completed by you alone, without assistance or collusion with others. You must ensure you are abiding by the CQU Student Academic Integrity Policy and Procedure. It is your responsibility to ensure that you are aware of and familiar with this policy and procedure. Any evidence of breaches of academic integrity (particularly collusion or academic misconduct) will be dealt with via this policy and procedure.
Please be aware:
- The quizzes are open book but time limited so familiarity with the content is required.
- Resources used in answers other than material provided by the unit coordinator need to be referenced.
- If you experience any technical difficulties accessing or during the quiz, please ring TaSAC and notify your Unit Coordinator as soon as physically possible (same day) with details of the technical issue.
2
Other
Quiz 1: Available: 23rd April 2025, 11:00 – 13:00 AEST (Week 6, Wednesday). Quiz 2: Available: 11th June 2025, 11:00 –13:00 AEST (Week 13, Wednesday)
Quiz 1: Return from 7th May 2025 (Week 8, Wednesday), after all students have completed. Quiz 2: Return from 25th June 2025, after all students have completed.
The quizzes involve a variety question type including the following ones.
- For drag and drop questions, you will be required to drag the most appropriate answer from a selection of possible answers and drop into the correct area.
- For combined questions including structure labelling and gap filling questions, you will be asked either to decide whether the given statement is correct, or to fill in the words as required.
Exemplar of practice questions can be accessed from the unit Moodle site.
Typed response answers will be assessed according to:
- Use of appropriate medical and sonographic terminology and descriptors and directional terms.
- Correct spelling of the terms, including introducing the synonyms in full before using them.
- Relevance of response to the question asked.
- Irrelevant or incorrect information excluded.
- Adequate detail provided in the answer.
- Correlate relational anatomy of musculoskeletal structures with standard static and dynamic sonographic imaging
- Discuss clinical aspects of sonographic musculoskeletal examinations with respect to clinical indications, patient care and safety considerations, and alternative diagnostic studies that can be performed
As a CQUniversity student you are expected to act honestly in all aspects of your academic work.
Any assessable work undertaken or submitted for review or assessment must be your own work. Assessable work is any type of work you do to meet the assessment requirements in the unit, including draft work submitted for review and feedback and final work to be assessed.
When you use the ideas, words or data of others in your assessment, you must thoroughly and clearly acknowledge the source of this information by using the correct referencing style for your unit. Using others’ work without proper acknowledgement may be considered a form of intellectual dishonesty.
Participating honestly, respectfully, responsibly, and fairly in your university study ensures the CQUniversity qualification you earn will be valued as a true indication of your individual academic achievement and will continue to receive the respect and recognition it deserves.
As a student, you are responsible for reading and following CQUniversity’s policies, including the Student Academic Integrity Policy and Procedure. This policy sets out CQUniversity’s expectations of you to act with integrity, examples of academic integrity breaches to avoid, the processes used to address alleged breaches of academic integrity, and potential penalties.
What is a breach of academic integrity?
A breach of academic integrity includes but is not limited to plagiarism, self-plagiarism, collusion, cheating, contract cheating, and academic misconduct. The Student Academic Integrity Policy and Procedure defines what these terms mean and gives examples.
Why is academic integrity important?
A breach of academic integrity may result in one or more penalties, including suspension or even expulsion from the University. It can also have negative implications for student visas and future enrolment at CQUniversity or elsewhere. Students who engage in contract cheating also risk being blackmailed by contract cheating services.
Where can I get assistance?
For academic advice and guidance, the Academic Learning Centre (ALC) can support you in becoming confident in completing assessments with integrity and of high standard.
What can you do to act with integrity?
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